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      • Vacuum chambers
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      • Freeze drying
      • Cryogenics
      • Thin film deposition
    • Brands
      • Becker
      • Briskheat
      • Busch
      • CTI Cryogenics
      • Ecodyst
      • Edwards
      • Elmo Rietschle
      • Fisher scientific
      • Gamma Vacuum
      • Henniker Plasma
      • Hexisense
      • Inert Glove Box
      • Inficon
      • Kinney
      • KNF
      • Leybold
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      • Stokes
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  • Home
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    • Vacuum chambers
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    • Freeze drying
    • Cryogenics
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  • Brands
    • Becker
    • Briskheat
    • Busch
    • CTI Cryogenics
    • Ecodyst
    • Edwards
    • Elmo Rietschle
    • Fisher scientific
    • Gamma Vacuum
    • Henniker Plasma
    • Hexisense
    • Inert Glove Box
    • Inficon
    • Kinney
    • KNF
    • Leybold
    • MDC Vacuum
    • Picosun
    • Prevac
    • Plasmionique
    • Precision Plus
    • Sairem plasma
    • Stokes
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    • Torr Scientific
    • ThetaMetrisis
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    • Adixen - servicing
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Australian vacuum help and support on cryogenic technology

Find out more

Cryogenic Vacuum

cold heads cryo pumps cryogenics cryostat compressors help and advice on all aspects of vacuum cryo pumping CTI and Brookes  AVS Austrlian vacuum services Sydney

Low temperature physics

In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.

It is not well defined at what point on the temperature scale refrigeration ends and cryogenics begins, but scientists assume a gas to be cryogenic if it can be liquefied at or below −150 °C (123 K; −238 °F).[1] The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology considers the field of cryogenics as that involving temperatures below −180 °C (93 K; −292 °F). This is a logical dividing line, since the normal boiling points of the so-called permanent gases (such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and normal air) lie below −180 °C while the Freon refrigerants, hydrocarbons, and other common refrigerants have boiling points above −180 °C.


Discovery of superconducting materials with critical temperatures significantly above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen has provided new interest in reliable, low cost methods of producing high temperature cryogenic refrigeration. The term "high temperature cryogenic" describes temperatures ranging from above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen, −195.79 °C (77.36 K; −320.42 °F), up to −50 °C (223 K; −58 °F).


Cryogenicists use the Kelvin or Rankine temperature scale, both of which measure from absolute zero, rather than more usual scales such as Celsius which measures from the freezing point of water at sea level or Fahrenheit with its zero at an arbitrary temperature.

Cryogenic pump and cryogenic vacuum solutions from AVS in Sydney. 

Cryogenic fluids

Fluid  -  Boiling point (K) 

  

Helium-3  -  3.19   

Helium-4  -  4.214   

Hydrogen  -  20.27   

Neon  -  27.09   

Nitrogen  -  77.09   

Air  -  78.8   

Fluorine  -  85.24   

Argon  -  87.24   

Oxygen  -  90.18   

Methane  -  111.7 


Cryogenic pump and cryogenic vacuum solutions from AVS in Sydney.  

Visit our store inclding CTI cryogenic spares

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Email info@australianvacuumservices.com

Phone: +61 (0) 2 8626 6495 / Mobile +61 (0) 4 2361 3086

Web: https://www.australianvacuumservices.com

3/25 Jenner Street | Baulkham Hills | NSW 2153 | Australia                  

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  • Home
  • Vacuum chambers
  • Vacuum gauges
  • Vacuum pumps
  • Freeze drying
  • Cryogenics
  • Thin film deposition
  • Becker
  • Briskheat
  • Busch
  • CTI Cryogenics
  • Ecodyst
  • Edwards
  • Elmo Rietschle
  • Fisher scientific
  • Gamma Vacuum
  • Henniker Plasma
  • Hexisense
  • Inert Glove Box
  • Inficon
  • Kinney
  • KNF
  • Leybold
  • MDC Vacuum
  • Picosun
  • Prevac
  • Plasmionique
  • Precision Plus
  • Sairem plasma
  • Stokes
  • Stensborg Lithography
  • Torr Scientific
  • ThetaMetrisis
  • Ulvac vacuum
  • Vacgen VG
  • Vacuubrand
  • Varian vacuum
  • VPI Technology
  • Welch vacuum
  • Adixen - servicing
  • Alcatel - servicing
  • Pfeiffer - servicing
  • Calibration
  • Consultants
  • Vacuum training
  • Pump repairs
  • Refurbished pumps
  • Contact Us
  • Links and Social
  • Testimonials-Corporate

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